Chercheur dans l'équipe 1 du CEPR - réanimateur au sein du service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation à Tours
« Les formes graves de COVID-19 sont caractérisées par une infection pulmonaire qui évolue fréquemment vers un Syndrome de Détresse Respiratoire Aiguë (SDRA), caractérisé par une dérégulation de la réponse inflammatoire pulmonaire. Les acteurs cellulaires impliqués sont cependant mal connus. Dans ce travail, nous avons exploré l'implication potentielle des lymphocytes T non conventionnels, une population hétérogène de Lymphocytes T (iNKT, LTγδ et MAIT) ayant un rôle important dans la réponse inflammatoire, notamment au niveau des muqueuses. Leur implication chez l'Humain dans les infections respiratoires est très peu documentée, et en cours d'investigation au CEPR.
Nous avons ainsi analysé la fréquence et le niveau d'activation des LTNC chez 30 patients admis en réanimation pour COVID-19 au CHU, dans le sang et les voies aériennes. Dans le sang, les LTNC présentaient un fort niveau d'activation, et une réduction importante de leur fréquence, phénotype qui persistait au cours de l'hospitalisation. Parallèlement, nous avons pu mettre en évidence la présence de LTNC fortement activés dans les voies aériennes des patients, suggérant leur implication dans l'inflammation locale. De façon intéressante, enfin, le niveau d'activation des LTNC à l'admission en réanimation était associé à une meilleure évolution clinique des patients.
Ce travail a démontré -pour la première fois- l'existence de fortes modifications phénotypiques et fonctionnelles des LTNC dans le COVID-19 grave, justifiant la poursuite des explorations de ces populations dans le cadre du SDRA et du COVID-19 ».
Kyoto Univ, Japan
In human cancer, malignant cells reprogram and rewire cellular metabolic networks for robust growth and maintenance and adaptation to their microenvironment. Such altered metabolism often leads to dependency on specific nutrients, and therefore, targeting cancer-specific metabolism would be an effective therapeutic strategy. To achieve the long-term goal, it is essential to identify metabolic vulnerabilities in human malignancy, and I would like to share our recent findings on the roles of the branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism in myeloid leukemia.
Contact : Andrei Turtoi at Inserm
Kyoto Univ, Japan
In human cancer, malignant cells reprogram and rewire cellular metabolic networks for robust growth and maintenance and adaptation to their microenvironment. Such altered metabolism often leads to dependency on specific nutrients, and therefore, targeting cancer-specific metabolism would be an effective therapeutic strategy. To achieve the long-term goal, it is essential to identify metabolic vulnerabilities in human malignancy, and I would like to share our recent findings on the roles of the branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism in myeloid leukemia.
Contact : Andrei Turtoi at Inserm
Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
Clinical evidence shows that, following initial response to treatment, drug-resistant cancer cells frequently evolve, and eventually most tumors become resistant to all available therapies. The most straightforward cause of therapy resistance is linked to cellular alterations that prevent drugs to act on their target. Upregulation of cell membrane efflux transporters of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily leads to simultaneous resistance against structurally and functionally unrelated chemotherapeutic agents. In particular, P-glycoprotein (Pgp, MDR1), the product of ABCB1 gene, was shown to be expressed in several drug resistant malignancies. Based on the correlation of P-glycoprotein expression and function with unfavorable treatment response, it is universally accepted that pharmacological modulation of the MDR phenotype has the potential to significantly increase the efficacy of currently available anticancer therapies. Unfortunately, despite a few early successes, clinical trials conducted with Pgp inhibitors did not fulfill this expectation, failing to confirm clinical benefit. Failure of the trials led to a setback in research, and the shutdown of the pharmaceutical development of transporter inhibitors for the improvement of anticancer therapy. Yet the “transporter problem” has not vanished, as evidenced by new studies supporting the relevance and benefit of research on the role of ABC transporters in clinical drug resistance. Failure of the inhibitors has boosted research in other directions, exploring the possibility to evade efflux, or to exploit the paradoxical sensitivity associated with efflux-based drug resistance mechanisms. In this talk I will describe new approaches to combating multidrug-resistant cancer, including the development of drugs that engage, evade or exploit efflux by P-glycoprotein.
Contact : Charles Theillet at inserm
Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
Clinical evidence shows that, following initial response to treatment, drug-resistant cancer cells frequently evolve, and eventually most tumors become resistant to all available therapies. The most straightforward cause of therapy resistance is linked to cellular alterations that prevent drugs to act on their target. Upregulation of cell membrane efflux transporters of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily leads to simultaneous resistance against structurally and functionally unrelated chemotherapeutic agents. In particular, P-glycoprotein (Pgp, MDR1), the product of ABCB1 gene, was shown to be expressed in several drug resistant malignancies. Based on the correlation of P-glycoprotein expression and function with unfavorable treatment response, it is universally accepted that pharmacological modulation of the MDR phenotype has the potential to significantly increase the efficacy of currently available anticancer therapies. Unfortunately, despite a few early successes, clinical trials conducted with Pgp inhibitors did not fulfill this expectation, failing to confirm clinical benefit. Failure of the trials led to a setback in research, and the shutdown of the pharmaceutical development of transporter inhibitors for the improvement of anticancer therapy. Yet the “transporter problem” has not vanished, as evidenced by new studies supporting the relevance and benefit of research on the role of ABC transporters in clinical drug resistance. Failure of the inhibitors has boosted research in other directions, exploring the possibility to evade efflux, or to exploit the paradoxical sensitivity associated with efflux-based drug resistance mechanisms. In this talk I will describe new approaches to combating multidrug-resistant cancer, including the development of drugs that engage, evade or exploit efflux by P-glycoprotein.
Contact : Charles Theillet at inserm
Institut Curie, Paris
Contact : Julie Pannequin (IGF)
Institut Curie, Paris
Contact : Julie Pannequin (IGF)
Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis
Contact IRCM : Cathy Tessier
Situé dans le Parc Euromédecine, l'Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (U1194) est localisé sur le Campus Val d'Aurelle (ICM, Institut régional du Cancer Montpellier / Val d'Aurelle).
Centre de Recherche U1194 soutenu par l'Inserm, l'Université de Montpellier et l'Institut du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM)
Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de
